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WHAT TRUMP CAN AND CANNOT DO TO THE H-1B

The US legal and legislative systemframework is one checks and balances. The legislative branch – the Senate and House of Representatives –creates and passes law, which in most instances must also be signed by a President. 
The executive branch, which now isheaded by President Trump, is tasked with administering US federal law.  The President typically works throughagencies and departments in order to administer the law.  For instance, the Department of HomelandSecurity administers laws concerning, among other things, US immigration.  The executive branch’s authority is limitedby the underlying law that is passed by Congress. 

(As an aside, the President’sauthority to administer law is also limited by the third branch ofgovernment—the judiciary.  In the shortTrump presidency, we have seen severalinstances where the judiciary has not backed down from exercising theirauthority and limiting President Trump’s executive action.)
The scope of an underlyingCongressional law is what limits the President. Accordingly, there are some things that President Trump can consider todo, and other things that he probably cannot do.
Here is our list of H-1B-relatedchanges that President Trump can probably because these actions probably do notexceed the underlying Congressional statute.
  • Revoke H-4 / EADauthorization.  This rule was put in byPresident Obama’s administration.  
  • Revoke priorGuidance Memoranda that is favorable to the H-1B program.  In fact, he has already started down thispath by revoking a 17 year old memorandum on the approvability of Computer Programmers.
  • Increase H-1Bemployer or employee site visits.  Sitevisits are clearly within Presidential authority.  Again, the USCIS has recently released a press release notifying US employers of increased site visits.
  • Increaseobtuse/harassing RFEs and NOIDs.  ThePresident has indicated to DHS that it would like to see DHS use all its powerto interpret rules against H-1B users.
  • Delay Consularapprovals under a cloak of “background checks”. The President generally has wide latitude to process or delay visaapprovals.

Our next post will address whetherthe Trump administration could change the H-1B lottery to a system whereby H-1Blottery slots were awarded based on another criterion, such as the salaryoffered to the H-1B worker.

USCIS RECEIVES 199,000 H-1B CAP PETITIONS

USCIS announced on April 17, 2017, that it has received199,000 H-1B cap-subject petitions, which is about 20% fewer than the 236,000H-1B cap-subject petitions that were received in 2016 and the 233,000 thatwere received in 2015.  USCIS is in the processof running the H-1B lottery and notifying H-1B cap winners.  Petitionersshould expect about 43% of their H-1B cap filings to be H-1B cap winners.

As announced on March 3, USCIS has temporarilysuspended premium processing for all H-1B petitions, including cap-exemptpetitions, for up to six months.

USCIS will continue to accept and processpetitions that are otherwise exempt from the cap. Petitions filed on behalf ofcurrent H-1B workers who have been counted previously against the cap. USCISwill continue to accept and process petitions filed to:

  • Extend the amount of time a current H-1B worker may remain in the United States;
  • Change the terms of employment for current H-1B workers;
  • Amend the H-1B petition to notify the USCIS of the filing of a new LCA and/or geographic change in employment;
  • Allow current H-1B workers to change employers; and
  • Allow current H-1B workers to work concurrently in a second, contemporaneous part-time H-1B position. 

NOTIFICATION OF NON-ACCEPTANCE OF G-28

USCIS had begun notifying applicants and petitioners when theirattorney’s Form G-28 has not been accepted.
The G-28 form is filed by the attorney with the case to notify theUSCIS that the applicant or petitioner has a lawyer and that the lawyer shouldbe notified of any updates on the case.
Previously, when USCIS did not accept Form G-28, neither theattorney nor the client was notified of the rejection. The immigrationapplication or petition was simply processed without an attorney on the case.
The American Immigration Lawyers Association raised this issuewith USCIS on several occasions, but it was not until the past year that USCISadvised that it was planning to start notifying applicants or petitioners whenthe G-28 was rejected.
On March 7, 2017, USCIS announced thatit has added the following language to receipt notices when a G-28 was notaccepted with an application or petition:
A valid G-28 was NOTreceived with your case. If you wish to be represented, please contact yourattorney or accredited representative to submit follow-up G-28 to the USCISlocation where your case is pending. For more information on filing G-28,please visit http://www.uscis.gov/forms/filing-your-form-g-28.

The receipt notices that include the above language will only beissued for cases that were filed at a lockbox facility. Cases that are directlyfiled with a local office will not contain the G-28 notice.

MAY 2017 VISA BULLETIN: DETAILED ANALYSIS AND PREDICTIONS

The Department of State has just issued the May 2017 Visa Bulletin.  This is the eight Visa Bulletin of Fiscal Year 2017.  This blog post analyzes this month’s Visa Bulletin.

May 2017 Visa Bulletin

Final Action Dates

Applications with these dates may be approved for their Green Card (Permanent Residency card).

Employ-
ment
based
All Charge-
ability 
Areas Except
Those Listed
CHINA-
mainland 
born
INDIA
MEXICO  
PHILIPPINES  
1st
C
C
C
C
C
2nd
08FEB13
22JUN08
C
C
3rd
15MAR17 
01OCT14
25MAR05 
15MAR17 
01JAN13
MU Law Analysis

All Other:  The EB-2 has been current for many years.  The EB-3 progression continues, moving an additional one month.  Consular processed EB-3 are effectively current.

China:   The China EB-2 date again moved up, but only a few weeks. The China EB-3 again date progressed about six weeks.  This was a smaller progression than the last few Visa Bulletins.  The China EB-3 continues to have a more favorable date than EB-2, as a result of many historical Chinese EB-3 workers “upgrading” their applications to EB-2.

India:  EB-2 India moved up about one day, which is the first one day progression that I can recall.  EB-3 India stayed the same, unfortunately.  

Mexico: Mirrors All Other in all aspects.

Philippines: EB-3 moved ahead by nearly four more months.  The Philippine EB-3 number essentially cleaned out all of the 2010, 2011, and 2012 EB-3 visas in about 6 months.  This is even more positive than we expected.  (Our note from September 2016: “This is consistent with internal MU Law analysis which sees this category progressing into 2013 by the Summer of 2017.”).  


USCIS LIMITS ENTRY-LEVEL H-1Bs FOR IT WORKERS; ANNOUNCES ADDITIONAL WORKSITE ENFORCEMENT

The USCIS hasissued a Policy Memorandum that will likely lead to denial of Computer-relatedpositions where the employer uses a Level 1 OES wage.  Accordingly, MU Law recommends that allclients use at least Level Two OES wages, or use alternative wage surveys.  The new Policy Memorandum takes immediate effectand will be used for all H-1B petitions: H-1B cap, H-1B extensions, H-1B transfers,and H-1B amendments.   
The March 31, 2017 Policy Memorandumrescinds a seventeen-year-old December 22, 2000 Policy Memorandum, issued byNebraska Service Center then-Director Terry Way.  There is little doubt that the new Policy Memorandumis a direct result of immigration restrictionists in the USCIS who feelemboldened by the new Trump presidency.  Itremains to be seen how restrictive USCIS officers will be as they interpret forthcomingcomputer H-1B petitions.
At virtually the same time, USCISalso has issued additionalmeasures aimed at perceived abuses in the H-1B program.  The April 3, 2017 press release says thatthese site visits will focus on:
  • Caseswhere USCIS cannot validate the employer’s basic business information throughcommercially available data;
  • H-1B-dependentemployers (those who have a high ratio of H-1B workers as compared to U.S.workers, as defined by statute); and 
  • Employerspetitioning for H-1B workers who work off-site at another company ororganization’s location.

LAST CHANCE FOR H-1B CAP PETITIONS

The H-1B cap requires that allH-1B petitions are received at the USCIS’ California Service Center or VermontService Center by Friday April 7, 2015. Below are some key points to keep in mind about this year’s H-1B cap:
-The USCIS makes no accommodationfor delays caused by couriers. Accordingly, MU Law will file the vast majority of its H-1B petitions onMarch 31 for delivery by April 3, which is the first day that H-1B petitionsare accepted.
-Premium Processing Service (PPS) hasbeen suspended, starting April 3, 2017. The suspension may last for six months. The suspension includes all H-1B petition filings, such as H-1B capcases, H-1B amendments, H-1B transfers, and H-1B extensions.
-In 2016, H-1B lottery results werenot finalized until June.  It may eventake the USCIS longer than in past years to notify all H-1B cap winners andlosers. 

H-1B CAP SUPPLY AND DEMAND V. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE

In 2009, a mere 9,000 H-1Bs were received in the first month of H-1B processing.  It would be 264 days before the H-1B cap was reached.  In 2010, it took 300 days until the H-1B cap was reached.  In 2011, there were 236 days between the April 1, 2011 cap opening and the November 23, 2011 cap being reached.  Not coincidentally, the US employment rate from 2009-2011 ranged between eight and ten percent.

On the other hand, the H-1B cap was reached on the very first day in 2007, 2008, each year since 2013, mirroring the low unemployment rate.

















The lack of H-1B petition filings in years when the unemployment rate is high is compelling evidence against the argument that internationally-trained workers are being used to displace American workers and lower US workers’ salaries.

Why?  Because if H-1B visa labor was being used primarily to lower US workers’ salaries, then H-1B filing numbers would not correlate with US unemployment rates.  If anything, the reverse would happen because the incentive to reduce workers’ salaries is likely greater in a recessed economy, not less.

UPDATE: AILA CONFIRMS NO NEW POLICY CHANGE FOR TN-1 ADVANCE PRACTICE NURSES

Yesterday we posted about a newproblem, US CBPofficers were denying advance practice nurses’ applications for TN-1 visas.  The reports said that at least one US CBPofficer was quoting a “change in policy”. AILA has now confirmed that there is no policy change.  The law remains:  advance practice nurses qualify for TN-1visas.
In our blog post, we called on USCBP quickly to clarify whether there was or was not a policy change. To this extent, US CBPacted swiftly and should be commended for their quick action.

DO ADVANCE PRACTICE NURSES QUALIFY FOR THE TN-1 ?

Thereis a mystery afoot at the northern border. Last week reputable news organizations, suchas the CBC, reported that advance practice nurses were being told that theyno longer qualified for the TN-1 visa at the Canadian-Michigan border. 

TheTN-1 visa is a visa authorized under NAFTA. All of the jobs on the NAFTAoccupations list are eligible for TN-1 visas.  The NAFTA list is purposely vague.  It does not list job descriptions for the occupations.  Any rational job description includes advancepractice nurses under the registered nurse domain.  For instance, the Stateof Michigan law on registered nursing, includes advance practice nurses asa subset of registered nurse.  AdvancePractice nurses have been using the TN-1 for 20+ years.

USCustoms and Border Protection has been silent on the issue.  Immigration attorneys are unsure if thedenials are based on one rouge officer’s mistaken understanding of law, or ifit is a policy-wide decision.
Eitheranswer is problematic.  If it is a rogueofficer, then the US CBP ought to acknowledge their error, re-train theofficer, and announce that advance practice nurses are eligible for theTN-1.  

If not, the administration oughtto explain the rationale behind its policy-decision.  The administration’sown Department of Labor says that for US workers, ”job opportunities for advanced practice registered nursesare likely to be excellent.”  Protectionism may be a valid policy argumentin some areas, but plainly not for advance practice nurses, who are theforefront of treating American patients. 

MU’S MARIA SCHNEIDER NAMED TO CINCINNATI BAR ASSOCIATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES

MU Law is proud to announce that MU Law’s Maria Schneider has been named to the Board of Trustees of the Cincinnati Bar Association (CBA).  Schneider’s two-year term will begin on May1, 2017.  She will be officially inductedat the CBA’s AnnualMeeting on April 27, 2017.

Schneider founded, chaired, and nowVice Chairs the CBA’sImmigration Practice Group.  Twice,under Attorney Schneider’s direction, the Immigration Practice Group won the CBA’sIngenuity Award.  Schneider’s coverarticle on President Trump’s Executive Orders on immigration will be featuredin the CBA Reportin April 2017.
The CBA will reach its’ 150thAnniversary in January 2022.  The CBABoard will focus on “150 Prime,” a five-year strategically eruptive andpositively disruptive plan to prepare, engage, envision, and motivate successrepresenting attorneys in the Greater Cincinnati area.  The CBA has 3800 members throughout theGreater Cincinnati community.
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